Bonjour Charlie, Use "il est" if: it's an adjective describing a person; an unmodified adverb or noun, or a prepositional phrase. Use "c'est" if: it's an adjective describing a situation; or a modified adverb or noun, or a proper name or stressed pronoun. Google search: il est vs c'est, and you'll find this explained with examples. Good Luck! Cheryl